NAS Word Usage – Total: 26

1. a Greek either by nationality, whether a native of the main land or of the Greek islands or colonies
2. in a wider sense the name embraces all nations not Jews that made the language, customs, and learning of the Greeks their own; the primary reference is to a difference of religion and worship

The Origins of the Term “Hellen”

In ancient Greek, the term “Hellen” (Ἕλλην) initially referred specifically to the Greeks. The term is rooted in mythology, as Hellen was the name of the patriarch of the Greeks, according to ancient legends. He was considered the progenitor of the Hellenes, the collective name for the Greek people. Over time, “Hellen” evolved to denote not just ethnic Greeks but also anyone who embraced Greek culture and language.

“Hellen” in the Hellenistic World

The spread of Greek culture and language, known as Hellenism, began with the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE. This period, known as the Hellenistic Age, saw Greek culture blend with those of the conquered lands, extending from Egypt to the Indus River. As a result, Greek became the lingua franca, a common language for trade, governance, and education across these diverse regions.

The Term “Hellen” in the New Testament

In the New Testament, the term “Hellen” appears multiple times, and its meaning can vary depending on the context. Generally, it can be understood in two main ways: as an ethnic identifier and a cultural descriptor.

Ethnic Identifier

In many instances, “Hellen” is used to distinguish Greeks from Jews. The Apostle Paul often makes this distinction to emphasize the inclusivity of the Christian message. For example, in Romans 1:16, Paul writes, “For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation to everyone who believes: first to the Jew, then to the Gentile” (NIV). Here, “Gentile” (Ἕλλην) encompasses anyone who is not Jewish, reflecting the broader Greek cultural context.

Cultural Descriptor

In other contexts, “Hellen” can describe those who have adopted Greek culture and language, regardless of their ethnic background. This usage is seen in passages that discuss the spread of Christianity. For example, in Acts 6:1, the term is used to describe a group within the early Church: “In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food” (NIV). Here, “Hellenistic Jews” refers to Jews who spoke Greek and adopted Greek customs, in contrast to those who retained Hebrew traditions.

The Significance of “Hellen” in Early Christianity

The use of “Hellen” in the New Testament highlights the diverse cultural landscape in which early Christianity developed. Understanding this term’s nuances can provide valuable insights into the early Church’s efforts to bridge cultural and ethnic divides.

Inclusivity of the Gospel

One of the key themes in the New Testament is the universality of the Christian message. The fact that the gospel was preached to both Jews and Gentiles, including those described as “Hellen,” underscores the early Church’s mission to reach all people, regardless of their background. This inclusivity is a cornerstone of Christian theology, emphasizing that faith in Jesus Christ is available to everyone.

Cultural Integration

The term “Hellen” also illustrates the process of cultural integration within the early Church. As Christianity spread throughout the Hellenistic world, it encountered various cultures and languages. The use of Greek as a common language facilitated the transmission of Christian teachings, enabling the new faith to reach a broader audience. This cultural integration helped shape the development of Christian doctrine and practice, blending elements of Jewish traditions with Greek thought.

“Hellen” in Biblical Scholarship

Biblical scholars often delve into the term “Hellen” to better understand the historical and cultural context of the New Testament. By examining how this term is used in various passages, scholars can gain insights into the social dynamics of the early Church and the broader Hellenistic world.

Linguistic Analysis

Linguistic analysis of “Hellen” involves studying its occurrences in the original Greek texts of the New Testament. This analysis helps scholars determine the term’s precise meaning in different contexts. For example, examining the term’s usage in Paul’s letters versus the Acts of the Apostles can reveal nuances in how early Christians distinguished between ethnic and cultural identities.

Historical Context

Understanding the historical context of the Hellenistic Age is crucial for interpreting the term “Hellen” in the Bible. This period was marked by significant cultural exchange and the spread of Greek influence across the Mediterranean and Near East. Recognizing the impact of Hellenism on the early Church helps scholars appreciate the challenges and opportunities faced by early Christians.

The Legacy of Hellenism in Christianity

The influence of Hellenism on Christianity is profound and enduring. Greek language and thought have left an indelible mark on Christian theology, liturgy, and practice.

Greek Language

The New Testament itself was written in Koine Greek, the common dialect of the Hellenistic world. This choice of language reflects the widespread use of Greek as a medium for communication and education. The use of Greek enabled the early Christian message to reach a diverse audience and facilitated the translation of the Scriptures into other languages.

Greek Philosophy

Greek philosophy also played a significant role in shaping Christian thought. Early Christian theologians, such as Justin Martyr and Augustine of Hippo, engaged with Greek philosophical ideas, particularly those of Plato and Aristotle. These interactions helped to articulate and refine Christian doctrines, laying the foundations for systematic theology.

Cultural Exchange

The integration of Greek culture into Christianity also led to the incorporation of various cultural practices and traditions. For example, many early Christian churches adopted architectural styles and artistic motifs from Greek and Roman cultures. This blending of traditions enriched the cultural heritage of Christianity and contributed to its spread across the Roman Empire.

Conclusion

The term “Hellen” in the Bible encapsulates the complex interplay between ethnicity, culture, and faith in the early Christian era. By exploring its meanings and contexts, we gain a deeper appreciation for the diversity and inclusivity of the early Church. Understanding “Hellen” also highlights the significant impact of Greek culture on the development of Christianity, shaping its language, thought, and practices in enduring ways. So, what does “Hellen” mean in Greek in the context of the Bible? It signifies not only the historical Greek people but also a broader cultural influence that has profoundly shaped the Christian faith and its spread throughout the world.