NAS Word Usage – Total: 29

1. to sink into (clothing), put on, clothe one’s self

The Etymology of Enduo

“Enduo” (ἐνδύω) is a Greek word that appears in the New Testament. It is a verb that means “to clothe,” “to put on,” or “to be arrayed.” The word comes from the Greek preposition “en” (in) and the verb “duno” (to enter or sink into). Together, they form a word that signifies the act of putting clothing on oneself. This verb can be understood both literally and metaphorically, depending on the context.

Enduo in the Literal Sense

In its most basic sense, “Enduo” refers to the act of putting on physical clothing. For example, it can describe actions like getting dressed or being outfitted in garments. While this literal usage can be found in non-religious Greek literature, the Bible also contains instances where “Enduo” is used this way.

Example: Luke 15:22

In the parable of the Prodigal Son, the father instructs his servants to “bring quickly the best robe, and put it on him” (Luke 15:22 ESV). The Greek verb used for “put it on him” is “Enduo.” This action symbolizes the father’s acceptance and love for his son, who had returned home.

The Metaphorical Use of Enduo

In the New Testament, “Enduo” frequently takes on a deeper, metaphorical meaning. When used metaphorically, “Enduo” often signifies putting on qualities, virtues, or spiritual attributes, rather than physical clothing.

Example: Romans 13:14

“Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh” (Romans 13:14 NIV). Here, the Apostle Paul uses “Enduo” to urge believers to adopt the character and virtues of Jesus Christ, thereby rejecting sinful behaviors.

Example: Ephesians 6:11

“Put on the full armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devil’s schemes” (Ephesians 6:11 NIV). In this passage, “Enduo” encourages the faithful to equip themselves with spiritual armor, such as truth, righteousness, and faith, to protect against evil.

The Significance of Enduo in Christian Living

Understanding the metaphorical sense of “Enduo” provides profound insights into how Christians should approach their daily lives. By “putting on” Christ or the armor of God, believers are urged to embody spiritual qualities that reflect their faith.

Enduo and Identity

The act of “Enduo” often relates to one’s identity. When Paul speaks of clothing oneself with Christ, he is urging believers to identify so closely with Jesus that His attributes become theirs. This new identity reflects transformation and renewal, central themes in Christian teaching.

Enduo and Responsibility

When the Bible instructs believers to “put on” virtues or the armor of God, it also implies a level of responsibility. To “Enduo” signifies an active choice to embrace spiritual disciplines and ethical living. It is not passive but requires commitment and intentional action.

Enduo and the Concept of Renewal

In many instances, “Enduo” is linked with the idea of renewal and transformation. This theme is prevalent throughout the Bible, highlighting that becoming a follower of Christ involves a fundamental change in one’s nature and actions.

Example: Colossians 3:10

“And have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator” (Colossians 3:10 ESV). Here, “Enduo” indicates the transformative process of adopting a new, Christ-like nature, continually growing in spiritual knowledge and moral excellence.

Enduo in the Context of Baptism

Baptism is another context where “Enduo” holds significant meaning. Baptism symbolizes the believer’s death to sin and new life in Christ. The act of being submerged and then emerging from water serves as a metaphor for putting off the old self and putting on the new.

Example: Galatians 3:27

“For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ” (Galatians 3:27 NIV). This passage uses “Enduo” to reinforce the idea that baptism is more than a ritual; it signifies a deep, spiritual renewal and the start of a new life in Jesus.

The Historic and Cultural Background of Enduo

To fully grasp the significance of “Enduo,” it helps to understand its cultural and historical context. In the ancient world, clothing was not only functional but also symbolized social status, profession, and identity. The idea of “putting on” virtues or spiritual armor would have resonated deeply with early Christians, who lived in a highly visual and symbol-oriented society.

Enduo and Early Christian Writings

Early Christian writers often employed “Enduo” to communicate spiritual truths. Church fathers like Augustine and Chrysostom wrote extensively about the metaphorical “clothing” that Christians must wear, elaborating on themes of righteousness, humility, and divine protection.

Augustine’s View

Augustine, in his writings, emphasized the importance of “putting on” Christ for moral and spiritual integrity. He viewed it as an essential aspect of Christian life and transformation.

Chrysostom’s Perspective

Chrysostom, another early church father, frequently referenced “Enduo” when discussing spiritual warfare and the necessity of wearing the ‘armor of God’ to combat evil influences.

Enduo’s Linguistic Relatives

“Enduo” is part of a family of Greek terms relating to clothing and dress. Understanding its linguistic relatives can shed further light on its meaning and application.

Example: Endusis and Exdusis

“Endusis” refers to the act of putting on clothing, while “Exdusis” means taking clothes off. Both terms highlight the metaphorical contrast between adopting virtues and renouncing vices.

Conclusion

“Enduo,” a seemingly simple word in Greek, carries profound and multi-layered meanings in the context of the Bible. Whether referring to literal clothing or metaphorically representing spiritual qualities and virtues, “Enduo” encapsulates the transformative journey of Christian life. By understanding its rich etymology, historical significance, and Biblical applications, believers can more deeply appreciate the call to “clothe” themselves in righteousness, embodying the character of Christ in their daily actions.