1. A sect that seems to have started after the Jewish exile. In addition to OT books the Pharisees recognised in oral tradition a standard of belief and life. They sought for distinction and praise by outward observance of external rites and by outward forms of piety, and such as ceremonial washings, fastings, prayers, and alms giving; and, comparatively negligent of genuine piety, they prided themselves on their fancied good works. They held strenuously to a belief in the existence of good and evil angels, and to the expectation of a Messiah; and they cherished the hope that the dead, after a preliminary experience either of reward or of penalty in Hades, would be recalled to life by him, and be requited each according to his individual deeds. In opposition to the usurped dominion of the Herods and the rule of the Romans, they stoutly upheld the theocracy and their country’s cause, and possessed great influence with the common people. According to Josephus they numbered more than 6000. They were bitter enemies of Jesus and his cause; and were in turn severely rebuked by him for their avarice, ambition, hollow reliance on outward works, and affection of piety in order to gain popularity.

What Does Pharisaios Mean in Greek in Context of the Bible?

To understand the term “Pharisaios,” we first look at its Greek origins. The word “Pharisaios” (Φαρισαῖος) translates to “Pharisee” in English. It refers specifically to a Jewish religious group that emerged during the Second Temple period. The Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and their belief in oral traditions. Their practices and beliefs play a crucial role in the New Testament, as they often find themselves at odds with Jesus and the early Christians.

Origins of the Pharisees

The Pharisees arose during a time of political and religious turmoil in Jewish history, roughly around the 2nd century BCE. The term itself might be rooted in the Hebrew word “parash,” which means “to separate.” This could suggest that the Pharisees viewed themselves as a group set apart for strict religious observance, differentiating themselves from other Jewish sects like the Sadducees.

Historical Context

During the Second Temple period, the Jewish people faced varying influences from surrounding cultures, especially under Hellenistic rule. The Pharisees sought to maintain Jewish identity and practices despite these outside pressures. They distinguished themselves by emphasizing the importance of both the written Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) and oral traditions that interpreted the Scriptures. This dual adherence to law set them apart from groups like the Sadducees, who accepted only the written Torah.

Beliefs and Practices of the Pharisees

The Pharisees held several core beliefs that shaped their identity and religious practices:

1. The Importance of the Law

Pharisees believed that the Law was central to living a righteous life. They studied and interpreted the Law meticulously, aiming to apply its teachings in everyday life. Their commitment to observing the Law influenced various aspects of Jewish life, including rituals, worship, and ethical behavior.

2. Oral Tradition

One of the Pharisees’ most distinguishing features was their commitment to oral traditions. They believed these traditions were just as important as the written text, as they provided context and guidance on how to live out the Law. This belief in oral tradition later contributed to the formation of the Talmud, a central text in Rabbinic Judaism.

3. Resurrection and Afterlife

Pharisees held a belief in the resurrection of the dead and an afterlife. This perspective contrasted with the Sadducees, who denied such beliefs. The idea of resurrection is mentioned in various New Testament passages, highlighting significant theological differences between these two groups.

4. Piety and Ritual Purity

Many Pharisees dedicated their lives to piety and ritual purity. They often engaged in practices such as prayer, fasting, and almsgiving, striving to demonstrate their devotion to God. This focus on outward displays of faith sometimes led to criticisms of hypocrisy, particularly in the teachings of Jesus.

The Pharisees in the New Testament

The Pharisees appear frequently in the New Testament, particularly in the Gospels. Understanding their role within the text provides crucial insights into Jesus’ teachings and the early Christian community.

Conflict with Jesus

Throughout the Gospels, one of the primary tensions portrayed is between Jesus and the Pharisees. While both adhered to the Jewish faith, their approaches differed significantly. Jesus often challenged their interpretations of the Law and their emphasis on ritual purity over genuine devotion.

For example, in Matthew 23, Jesus denounces the Pharisees for their hypocrisy, calling them “whitewashed tombs” that look good on the outside but are corrupt on the inside. This figurative language underscores the idea that mere outward rituals do not equate to a true relationship with God.

Jesus’ Teachings on the Law

Jesus’ teachings around the Law also reflect this tension. He emphasized the spirit of the Law rather than just strict adherence to rules. For instance, in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7), Jesus reinterprets various commandments, urging individuals to examine their hearts and intentions, not just their actions.

Impact of the Pharisees in Early Christianity

The legacy of the Pharisees goes beyond their portrayal in the Gospels. Many scholars argue that their emphasis on oral tradition and interpretation laid groundwork for Rabbinic Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. This transformation was critical, as Jewish practices had to adapt without the central Temple.

The Pharisees’ Influence on Rabbinic Judaism

Post-Temple Judaism began to organize around Rabbinic authority, a development heavily influenced by Pharisaic teachings. Their commitment to law, tradition, and community engagement became fundamental to Jewish identity in the centuries that followed.

Conclusion

The term “Pharisaios” represents a complex and important aspect of both Jewish history and New Testament writings. Understanding its meaning within the context of the Bible enlightens readers on the dynamics of faith, law, and spirituality during a pivotal time. The Pharisees, while often at odds with Jesus, helped shape Jewish thought and practice in ways that resonate to this day.

Common Questions Related to What Does Pharisaios Mean In Greek In Context Of The Bible

Q. What does the term “Pharisaios” mean in Greek?
A. “Pharisaios” translates to “Pharisee” in English, referring to a Jewish religious group known for strict adherence to the Law.

Q. When did the Pharisees emerge?
A. The Pharisees emerged around the 2nd century BCE during the Second Temple period of Jewish history.

Q. What was the main focus of the Pharisees’ beliefs?
A. The Pharisees primarily focused on the Law of Moses and oral traditions that complemented the written Scripture.

Q. How did the Pharisees differ from the Sadducees?
A. The Pharisees accepted both written and oral traditions, while the Sadducees only accepted the written Torah.

Q. Did the Pharisees believe in life after death?
A. Yes, the Pharisees believed in the resurrection of the dead and an afterlife, which was a point of contention with the Sadducees.

Q. How did Jesus view the Pharisees?
A. Jesus often criticized the Pharisees for their hypocrisy and legalism, emphasizing the importance of inner spirituality over outward rituals.

Q. What role did Pharisees play in early Christianity?
A. The Pharisees influenced the development of Rabbinic Judaism, which shaped Jewish practices after the destruction of the Second Temple.

Q. What is the significance of the oral tradition among the Pharisees?
A. The oral tradition provided context and interpretation for the written Law, helping to guide Jewish life and worship.

Q. Can you give an example of a conflict between Jesus and the Pharisees?
A. In Matthew 23, Jesus condemns the Pharisees for their hypocrisy, criticizing their focus on ritual purity instead of true devotion.

Q. What is the legacy of the Pharisees today?
A. The teachings and practices of the Pharisees contributed significantly to Rabbinic Judaism, influencing Jewish thought and identity up to the present time.