NAS Word Usage – Total: 2

1. bound to the law
2. bound by the law, lawful
3. lawful, regular

The Etymology and Basic Definition of “Ennomos”

The Greek word “ennomos” is an adjective derived from the combination of two parts: “en,” meaning “in” or “within,” and “nomos,” which translates to “law.” Literally, “ennomos” can be translated as “within the law” or “legal.” This basic definition serves as a stepping stone to understand its deeper implications in the New Testament.

Usage of “Ennomos” in Classical Greek

Before diving into the biblical context, it is useful to explore how “ennomos” was used in classical Greek literature. In these texts, “ennomos” generally described something lawful, legitimate, or in accordance with established laws and customs. It conveyed conformity and obedience to legal standards.

Biblical Context of “Ennomos”

When it comes to the Bible, “ennomos” takes on special significance. It is used sparingly in the New Testament but plays a crucial role in the texts where it appears. To dissect its biblical context, let’s examine one of the key verses where “ennomos” is featured:

Galatians 3:24-25

In Paul’s letter to the Galatians, “ennomos” is used to explain the purpose and function of the Old Testament law. The passage reads:

“So the law was our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith. Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.”

Here, “the law” is referred to as a “paidagogos” (guardian) that leads us to Christ. The term “ennomos” serves to describe the state of being under this legal guardian—a condition that existed until the arrival of Jesus and the establishment of faith.

How “Ennomos” Relates to the Concept of Justification

Justification by faith is a cornerstone of Christian doctrine. In the context of Galatians, “ennomos” helps differentiate life under the law from the new life in Christ. Under the law, adherence to legal norms was obligatory. In contrast, faith in Christ liberates believers from these old constraints, making “ennomos” a term that captures the transitional phase between law and grace.

Early Church Interpretation of “Ennomos”

The early Church Fathers provided varying but complementary interpretations of “ennomos.” For instance:

• Augustine: Suggested that “ennomos” described the Jewish people’s protective custody under the law until Christ liberates them through faith.
• Chrysostom: Emphasized the lawful, educational role of the Mosaic Law, indicating that “ennomos” refers to the state of being instructed in righteousness.

Theological Implications of “Ennomos”

Law Versus Grace

Theologically, “ennomos” encapsulates the shift from Mosaic Law to New Testament grace. It demarcates a before-and-after scenario where believers transition from living under prescribed legalism to experiencing the freedoms offered by faith in Jesus.

Relationship with God

“Ennomos” also speaks volumes about the evolving relationship between humans and God. Under the law, humans were bound to follow prescribed norms to maintain a covenantal relationship. With the advent of Jesus, this relationship shifts to one of faith and grace, making “ennomos” less a permanent state and more a temporary, preparatory phase.

“Ennomos” in Modern Biblical Scholarship

Contemporary biblical scholars continue to explore “ennomos” to gain richer insights into Pauline theology and early Christian life. For example:

• N.T. Wright: Focuses on how “ennomos” provides clues about Paul’s understanding of Torah and its role in salvation history.
• Douglas Moo: Examines “ennomos” in the context of the broader Pauline corpus, emphasizing its transitional significance from Old Covenant to New Covenant.

Practical Applications of Understanding “Ennomos”

Personal Faith

For modern Christians, understanding “ennomos” can deepen personal faith by illuminating the purpose and limitations of the Old Testament Law. Recognizing that the law served as a guardian until the coming of faith in Christ helps believers appreciate their freedom in Christ more fully.

Interfaith Dialogue

“Ennomos” might also serve as an important term in discussions between Jews and Christians. It offers a theological bridge that respects the importance of Mosaic Law while recognizing the transformative impact of Jesus’ teachings.

Conclusion

The Greek word “ennomos” is more than a mere adjective; it captures a key biblical concept that bridges the Old and New Testaments. Understanding its meaning and context provides a profound insight into the Christian doctrine of justification by faith and the transition from law to grace. Whether you are a biblical scholar, a believer, or someone interested in the nuances of biblical Greek, “ennomos” is a term that goes to the heart of understanding how God’s covenant with humanity has evolved.

In sum, “ennomos” invites us to delve deeper into the rich, transformative journey from Old Tetament Law to the grace offered by Jesus, making it an invaluable term in the study of the Bible.