NAS Word Usage – Total:

1. to be, to exist, to happen, to be present

Linguistic Roots of “Eien”

“Eien” is a Greek word derived from the verb “είμι” (eimi), which means “to be” or “to exist.” The form “eien” can be understood as an early form of the verb “ειναι” (einai), often translated as “to be” or an infinitive form relating to existence. Ancient Greek verbs can vary in form and function, reflecting different nuances of meaning, aspect, and time.

In classical Greek literature, this word is used to describe the state of being or existence, signifying permanence or an eternal state. Thus, understanding the linguistic root of “eien” as relating to the concept of being or existing helps set the stage for its use and interpretation in the Bible.

“Eien” in the Old Testament (Septuagint)

The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Septuagint (LXX), provides a vital context for understanding many Greek terms used in the New Testament. While the term “eien” itself is not prominently featured, its root “eimi” and its forms can frequently be found, conveying the concept of God’s eternal nature and existence.

For instance, in Exodus 3:14, where God reveals Himself to Moses as “I AM WHO I AM” (ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ ὤν, ego eimi ho on), the term underlines God’s self-existence and eternal presence. This revelation of God’s eternal being prefaces how the Greek language communicates divine and existential themes throughout the Biblical texts.

“Eien” in the New Testament

In the New Testament, Greek terms derived from “eimi” continue to play an important role, particularly in affirming the divine nature of Jesus Christ and the concept of eternal life. One example is John 8:58, where Jesus says, “Before Abraham was born, I am” (πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι ἐγώ εἰμί, prin Abraam genesthai ego eimi). Here, Jesus uses “eimi” to express His timeless existence and divinity, echoing God’s self-revelation in the Old Testament.

The Theological Implications of “Eien”

Understanding “eien” helps in grasping key theological themes in the Bible:

Eternity and Divine Nature

The use of “eien” and its variants in affirming God’s eternal nature is significant. In theological terms, this highlights God’s unchanging and everlasting presence and forms a foundation for understanding the eternal life promised to believers. When Jesus speaks using “eimi,” it underscores His divine identity and continuity with the Father.

Existential Assurance

For early Christians, words like “eien” conveyed assurance in the promises of God’s eternal presence and faithfulness. In a world often filled with uncertainty, the affirmations of God’s eternal nature provided a strong foundation of hope and security.

Present Continuous State

Different forms of “eimi” in Greek can indicate ongoing action or state. Therefore, when used by Jesus or writers of the New Testament, these terms can imply an ongoing, continuous state of being, rather than a finite, one-time event. This suggests an ever-present, ever-active God.

Comparative Analysis: Greek and Hebrew Concepts of Being

Interestingly, the Hebrew language also has deep nuances for the concept of being, most notably in the use of “YHWH,” often translated as “LORD” in English Bibles. Just as “eimi” connects with “eien” to express existence, “YHWH” is understood to be derived from the verb “to be,” highlighting God’s perpetual existence.

Application in Biblical Exegesis

Biblical exegesis, or the critical interpretation of Scripture, often requires understanding these linguistic roots and the theological implications they carry. By examining terms like “eien,” readers and scholars are better equipped to interpret passages in their full depth and context.

Case Study: John 14:6

Consider John 14:6, where Jesus states, “I am the way and the truth and the life.” Here, Jesus uses “ego eimi” (I am) to assert His identity. In this passage, the implication of “eimi” carries the weight of divine authority and eternal assurance. Jesus is not just a way, a truth, or a life among many; He is the definitive, eternal Way, Truth, and Life.

Conclusion

Understanding what “Eien” in Greek means in the context of the Bible provides rich insights into the eternal nature of God as revealed through Scripture. The term, derived from “eimi,” fundamentally communicates existence, continuity, and divinity, reinforcing key theological principles. By delving into its linguistic roots and Biblical usage, we gain a deeper appreciation of the profound messages conveyed through this ancient language. Whether it is God’s declaration of His eternal nature in the Old Testament or Jesus affirming His divine identity in the New Testament, “eien” and its related forms illuminate the depth of Biblical truths and their timeless relevance.

In studying these words, we not only enhance our understanding of the Bible but also our appreciation of the divine nature they seek to express, providing a foundation for faith that rests on an eternal, unchanging assurance.