Pleroma
Pleroma Definition
- that which is (has been) filled
- a ship inasmuch as it is filled (i.e. manned) with sailors, rowers, and soldiers
- in the NT, the body of believers, as that which is filled with the presence, power, agency, riches of God and of Christ
- that which fills or with which a thing is filled
- of those things which a ship is filled, freight and merchandise, sailors, oarsmen, soldiers
- completeness or fulness of time
- fulness, abundance
- a fulfilling, keeping
What Does Pleroma Mean?
The Greek word “Pleroma” means “fullness” and it is often used to convey a sense of completeness or wholeness. In the context of the Bible, Pleroma carries deep significance, especially within Christian theology. It is frequently associated with the fullness of God or the fullness of Christ. Understanding this term allows us to appreciate not only its linguistic meaning but also the rich spiritual implications it has throughout biblical texts.
The Origins of the Word Pleroma
To fully grasp the meaning of Pleroma, we need to look at its root word. The Greek verb “pléroo” means “to fill” or “to fulfill.” From this verb, Pleroma is derived, signifying a state of being filled to completeness.
In ancient Greek literature outside the Bible, Pleroma was used in various contexts, often describing the fullness of nature, life, and even the universe. However, its biblical usage takes on a more profound metaphysical and spiritual dimension.
The Use of Pleroma in the New Testament
Pleroma in Paul’s Letters
In the New Testament, Paul uses the term Pleroma to describe the divine fullness found in Christ. In Colossians 1:19, Paul writes, “For in Him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell.” Here, Pleroma emphasizes that Jesus embodies the entirety of Divine attributes and essence. This notion of completeness suggests that through Christ, believers can access the fullness of God’s love, grace, and knowledge.
Another critical reference is in Colossians 2:9, “For in Him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily.” This reinforces the idea that Christ is not just a part of God but is completely divine. The use of Pleroma here asserts the belief that all that God is can be fully understood and experienced in Jesus.
Pleroma in Gnostic Texts
Interestingly, the term Pleroma also appears in Gnostic literature. In this context, it referred to a realm of divine fullness inhabited by spiritual beings or aeons. Gnosticism has roots in various philosophical streams, and its interpretation of Pleroma diverges from traditional Christian views.
While mainstream Christianity focuses on the Pleroma of Christ as the fullness of God, Gnostics believed Pleroma to be a spiritual fullness detached from any physical form. This difference underscores the need to understand not only the term but also the theological implications it carries within various beliefs.
Theological Implications of Pleroma
The concept of Pleroma is pivotal to understanding several key theological ideas in Christianity. Here are some of the principal implications:
Completeness in Salvation
The fullness associated with Pleroma suggests that through Christ, believers are complete. In Ephesians 1:3, it is stated, “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places.” This highlights that everything Christians need for spiritual life and godliness is found in Jesus, emphasizing the significance of spiritual fullness.
Unity in the Body of Christ
Another vital aspect associated with Pleroma is the unity of believers in Christ. Ephesians 4:13 speaks of maturity in faith, stating, “until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.” Here, Pleroma signifies the collective completeness achieved when believers come together in unity, reflecting Christ’s character and love.
Antithesis to Lack and Desire
In a world filled with dissatisfaction and unmet desires, Pleroma presents a powerful counter-narrative. The fullness in Christ provides contentment and fulfills spiritual needs. Philippians 4:19 promises, “And my God will supply every need of yours according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus.” This reinforces that in Christ, there is sufficiency for every need, alleviating spiritual poverty.
Pleroma in Worship and Spiritual Life
Understanding Pleroma not only has theological implications but also affects personal worship and spiritual life. Recognizing that believers partake in the fullness of God through Christ can radically change how one approaches spirituality.
Worship
In worship, believers can approach God with confidence, knowing that they are engaging with a complete and fulfilled God. The act of worship transforms into an opportunity to experience the fullness of God’s presence.
Spiritual Growth
Recognizing the importance of Pleroma can also inspire believers to pursue spiritual growth and maturity. Engaging with biblical teachings, participating in community worship, and being in fellowship with other believers leads to a more fulfilling spiritual life.
The Broader Context of Pleroma in the Bible
While Pleroma primarily appears in the New Testament, the idea of fullness permeates the entire Bible.
Old Testament References
In the Old Testament, the concept of fullness can be observed in various forms. Psalm 23:5 illustrates God’s provision—”You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.” This imagery evokes a sense of abundance and completeness in God’s blessings.
The Promise of Fulfillment
The entire biblical narrative points toward a promise of fulfillment through covenant relationships. From God’s covenant with Abraham to the establishment of a new covenant in Christ, the central theme expresses a longing for wholeness achieved in connection with God.
Conclusion
Understanding the term Pleroma in the context of the Bible invites believers into a deeper grasp of the fullness found in Christ. It transcends mere academic study; it roots our spiritual experience in the abundant and fulfilling nature of God. As we recognize the implications of Pleroma, we are called to embrace our completeness in Christ and to reflect that fullness in our everyday lives.
Common Questions Related to What Does Pleroma Mean In Greek In Context Of The Bible
Q. What is the literal translation of Pleroma in Greek?
A. Pleroma literally translates to “fullness” in Greek, indicating a state of being filled or complete.
Q. How is Pleroma used in Christian teachings?
A. In Christianity, Pleroma signifies the fullness of God and Christ, emphasizing complete spiritual sufficiency.
Q. Is Pleroma found in the Old Testament?
A. While the actual word Pleroma is not used, the concept of fullness appears throughout the Old Testament.
Q. Why is Pleroma important in understanding the nature of Christ?
A. Pleroma helps believers understand that Christ fully embodies God’s divine attributes, reflecting His completeness.
Q. How does Pleroma relate to the concept of salvation?
A. It suggests that believers find their completeness and spiritual needs met entirely through Christ.
Q. Can Pleroma be associated with other religious texts?
A. Yes, it also appears in Gnostic texts, although its meaning diverges from traditional Christian interpretations.
Q. What role does Pleroma play in Christian unity?
A. Pleroma emphasizes that believers achieve spiritual completeness when united in faith and love through Christ.
Q. How does understanding Pleroma impact personal worship?
A. Understanding Pleroma enhances worship by connecting believers to the full presence and attributes of God.
Q. Are there examples in the Bible that illustrate fullness?
A. Yes, verses like Psalm 23:5 and Ephesians 1:3 highlight the theme of fullness and abundance in God’s provisions.
Q. How does Pleroma relate to spiritual growth for believers?
A. It encourages believers to pursue spiritual maturity, recognizing their completeness and sufficiency in Christ.